文章来源：BigONE
7月22日，BigONE PR 负责人对话NerveNetwork发起人Berzeck，进行了主题为【DeFi 看 Nerve 如何突围】的线上AMA。
以下为AMA实录：
郝维：哈喽，大家好！欢迎大家来参加今天的AMA，我是BigONE的PR负责人郝维。我们本期节目邀请到了NerveNetwork（NVT）项目方的发起人Berzeck来跟我们大家聊一聊当下很多人都在关注的DeFi话题。
有请Berzeck来跟我们打个招呼吧！Let’s welcome Berzeck @Berzeck
Berzeck： Hello everyone, good afternoon! I am Berzeck, NULS NTC members and community councilor. I am graduated from the Military Engineering College of La Paz, Bolivia, with a bachelor’s degree in systems engineering. I have nearly 20 years of experience in system development and team management, served as IT director of a multinational company and project external consultant of the State Administration of Transportation.
I have been working for NULS since the end of 2018. With rich experience in using modular methods and microservices, I have led and completed the modular reconstruction of the underlying core of NULS 2.0 and the design and development of the microservice architecture with the other NTC members.
译文：各位小伙伴们，大家下午好！我是Berzeck，NULS NTC 理事成员。毕业于玻利维亚拉巴斯军事工程学院，系统工程学士学位。近 20 年系统开发和团队管理经验，曾担任跨国公司 IT 总监，国家运输总局项目外部顾问。我从2018年底开始为NULS工作，在使用模块化方法和微服务方面有着丰富的经验，主导并完成了 NULS 2.0底层核心的模块化重构和微服务架构的设计、开发。
郝维：说到DeFi，其实就是我们所说的分布式金融，随着区块链的迅速发展，其应用场景也在不断丰富，而金融业是其中最有前景的行业。目前，DeFi主要在以太坊网络生态内较为活跃，经过两三年的探索发展，衍生出了稳定币、借贷平台、衍生品、预测市场、保险、支付平台等多种金融创新玩法。
截至今年第二季度，DeFi锁定的资产规模大概已经达到了16.88亿美金，比本季度初5.38亿美金增长了200%。未来的增长速度和空间都很大。
Berzeck, would you please tell us what Nerve is?首先有请我们的Berzeck， 为大家介绍一下什么是Nerve？
Berzeck： OK. Sure!
Nerve is a decentralized digital asset service network, which is a set of cross-chain interactive protocols based on the NULS microservices framework and developed with ChainBox.
Its goal is to eliminate the isolation problem that most blockchains have. Meanwhile, to establish a cross-chain interoperable asset interaction network, and provide all the underlying support for Defi applications ecosystem; letting digital asset holders enjoy truly secure, free and transparent Defi application services.
译文：Nerve 是一个去中心化的数字资产服务网络。它基于NULS微服务框架， 使用 NULS ChainBox（链工厂的底层）开发搭建的区块链跨链交互协议。旨在打破区块链价值孤岛，建立跨链互通的资产交互网络，为 Defi 应用生态提供底层支持。让数字资产持有者享受真正安全、自由、透明的 Defi 应用服务。
Berzeck： Here are some INFO for Nerve:
Nerve website: http://nerve.network/Forum of the progress Nerve ：https://bbs.nuls.io/c/general/nerve-news/64Nerve WeiBo：Nerve网络
译文：Nerve相关资讯查阅：
Nerve官网http://nerve.network/动态进展的资讯论坛：https://bbs.nuls.io/c/general/nerve-news/64微博：Nerve网络
Berzeck： Nerve adopts a multi-layer and multi-chain architecture that integrates parachains and relay chains, and defines a set of interface protocols for public chain networks such as BTC and ETH, so that tokens such as BTC, ETH, ERC20, NULS, NRC20, etc. can be quickly transferred between different public chains.
This not only enables Nerve to form a differentiated competitiveness in the construction of the DeFi ecosystem, but it is also likely to become a landmark leap forward in the development of the blockchain.
译文：Nerve采用集成平行链和中继链的多层多链架构，针对BTC、ETH等公链网络定义了一组接口协议， 使BTC、ETH、ERC20、NULS、NRC20等代币可以在不同公链间实现快速转移。这不仅使Nerve在建设DeFi生态中形成差异化竞争力，同时很可能成为区块链发展历程上标志性的一次跃进。
郝维：那么，在这种突破性背后，Nerve作了哪些方面的布局与设计呢？
Berzeck： Nerve has carried out bold innovation and ingenious design in many aspects such as consensus mechanism, technical architecture, and economic model.
译文：Nerve在共识机制、技术架构、经济模型等多方面都进行了大胆创新与精巧设计。
Berzeck： Based on NULS POC consensus algorithm, Nerve designed a more efficient and stable POCBFT consensus algorithm, which adds a BFT mechanism to ensure final consistency on the basis of POC, shortening the block generation interval to seconds. It is expected that the TPS will reach 2000+.
Meanwhile, the transfering sservice fee will be almost 0, which greatly increases the asset transfer speed and reduces the transfer threshold.
译文：Nerve 在基于 NULS POC共识算法基础上，设计了更高效、稳定的POCBFT共识算法。该算法在 POC 的基础上增加了确保最终一致性的BFT机制，将区块出块时间间隔缩短为秒级，预计TPS达到2000+，同时转账费用接近于0，大幅提升资产转移速度并降低转移门槛。
Berzeck： Nerve’s main network nodes are divided into three types: Common nodes, consensus nodes, and virtual bank.
The virtual bank is responsible for the maintenance of cross-chain assets, including the creation and management of multi-signature accounts or smart contracts for parallel chains, the creation and broadcasting of asset transfer transactions, etc.
The consensus nodes are responsible for the maintenance of the blockchain.
The common nodes are responsible for functions such as transaction collecting, block and transaction verifying, and providing services for applications.
This kind of multi-consensus mechanism model can help different types of users have the opportunity to participate in the Nerve node consensus process, thus improve the stability and fairness of the Nerve network.
译文：Nerve采用虚拟银行、共识节点、普通节点等三层节点模型。由虚拟银行负责跨链资产的维护，包括创建和管理平行链的多签账户或智能合约、创建并广播资产转出交易等；共识节点负责自身区块链的维护；普通节点则负责交易的收集、验证等服务。这种多重共识机制模式可以帮助不同类型的用户都有机会参与到Nerve的节点共识过程中，提升Nerve网络的稳定性与公平性。
Berzeck： In terms of mechanism implementation, Nerve mainly uses a new intelligent lightning network to achieve cross-chain transactions, It is different from the traditional lightning network of Bitcoin exchange.
Nerve Lightning Network is not a state lock in a state channel, but a virtual bank node for multi-signature or smart contract interlocking verifiers to achieve real asset exchange.
译文：在机制实现方面， Nerve主要采用新型智能闪电网络实现跨链交易，但不同于传统比特币原子交换的闪电网络。Nerve闪电网络不是状态通道内的状态锁定，而是虚拟银行节点进行多签或者智能合约互锁的验证人实现真实的资产交换。
Berzeck： Take the BTC cross-chain transaction as an example. The user transfers BTC to the multi-signature account of the Bitcoin chain managed by the virtual bank, and fills in the user’s Nerve-ADDR address in the transfer remarks. After monitors the Bitcoin network transaction , Nerve’s virtual bank will verify the number of confirmations, prevent fork and rollback attacks, and assemble a coinage transaction to the user’s mapped address Nerve-ADDR in Nerve and sign it.
译文：以BTC跨链交易为例，用户将BTC转入由虚拟银行管理的Bitcoin链的多签账户，并在转账备注中填写用户在Nerve的地址Nerve-ADDR，Nerve的虚拟银行监听到Bitcoin网络的交易，验证确认数，防止分叉回滚攻击，组装一笔造币交易给用户在Nerve的映射地址Nerve-ADDR并签名。
Berzeck： After the transaction is broadcasted, packaged into the block and the ledger is updated, the user has BTC assets in the Nerve ecosystem, and the actual BTC assets originally on the Bitcoin chain are guaranteed by the virtual bank to not be used passively.
译文：在该交易得到广播并打包进区块、更新账本后，用户即在Nerve生态内拥有了BTC资产，其原本在Bitcoin链上的实际BTC资产则由虚拟银行保证其不被动用。
Berzeck： Currently, Nerve has realized value interaction with NULS, NRC20, and ETH.
Through similar ways, all ERC20 tokens such as USDT and other high-quality assets can easily enter the Nerve ecosystem.
This also let Nerve ecosystem develope more widely, Meanwhile, through using of NULS VM to achieve various DeFi and DApp applications, Nerve will provide more services for users on the chain, such as decentralized transactions, mortgage lending, staking, etc.
译文：目前，Nerve已经实现了与NULS、NRC20、ETH的价值交互。通过类似手段，USDT等所有ERC20代币以及其它优质资产，都能便捷地进入Nerve生态。这也就使得Nerve生态形成更加广阔的发展空间，并通过采用NULS VM实现各种DeFi和DApp应用为链上用户提供更多服务，例如去中心化交易、抵押借贷，Staking等。
Berzeck： Decentralized exchange is Nerve’s first step in creating DeFi. Nerve has been embedded the decentralized exchange (NDEX) in its underlying architecture.
Meanwhile, it supports other projects or teams to use the Nerve module to customize their own DEX. For small and medium-sized exchanges, wallets, and DApps, they no longer need to spend much efforts to develop and maintain original asset management tools. Nerve can better meet their needs for multi-asset management convenient ly and low-costly.
译文：去中心化交易所是Nerve打造DeFi的第一步，Nerve在其底层架构中内嵌了去中心化交易所NDEX.
同时, Nerve也支持其他项目方或团队使用Nerve模块来定制自己的DEX。对于中小型交易所、钱包、DApp，它们可以无需再投入巨大精力开发、维护原有资产管理工具，Nerve可以更好地满足他们以低成本、快捷的方式进行多资产管理的需求。
Berzeck： Nerve has its own platform token NVT, which has a total circulation of 2.1 billion, of which only about 310 million were in early circulation, including original Investment, community promotion and airdrop.
译文：Nerve设有平台代币NVT，总发行量为21亿枚，其中包括基石投资、社群推广、空投在内的早期流通量只有3.1亿枚左右。
Berzeck： Most of the rest are held by virtual bank pledges and foundations (linear release in 20 months after one year of the launch of the main network). Of that, 1 billion is scheduled to come out of Staking in 100 years.
译文：其余大部分主要为虚拟银行质押和基金会持有（主网上线一年后20个月线性释放）。其中10亿计划于100年Staking产出。
Berzeck： Besides the original asset on Nerve network, any other external asset transferred through heterogeneous cross chain can be staking by locking asset and creating node on Nerve and thus receive corresponding NVT rewards.
译文：除了Nerve 链上的原生资产，任何通过异构跨链转入的外部资产，都可以通过在Nerve锁定资产创建节点来获得Staking票权，并获得相应的NVT奖励。
郝维：Nerve’s three-tier node architecture not only ensures that the entire network has very high performance, but also ensures that the entire network has good decentralization characteristics. So how can users become nodes to obtain revenue? Nerve的三层节点架构，不仅保证整个网络拥有非常高的性能，还保证了较好的去中心化特性，那么用户该如何才能成为节点从而获得收益呢？
Berzeck： If you want to become a Nerve mainnet node owner and participate in staking, you need to hold at least 200,000 NVT. If the number of asset pledges on your node can be ranked in the top 35 of the entire network, you can become a consensus node. If you can become the top 15, you will also become a virtual bank node. Correspondingly, you’ll get more rewords for different kind of nodes.
译文：如果你想成为Nerve主网节点，参与共识挖矿，至少需要持有20万个NVT；
如果你节点上的资产质押数量能排到全网节点的前35名，你就可以成为共识节点；
如果你能成为前15名，你将成为虚拟银行节点，这样你将会有更多的收益。
Berzeck： Nerve’s incentive model is node + staking (staking). there is a set of different assets and different staking methods have different weights in Nerve’s incentive mechanism,
译文：Nerve的激励模型是节点+staking（质押），Nerve 的激励机制中设计了一套不同资产、不同 Staking 方式拥有不同的权重的机制。
Berzeck： The weight coefficient weightcoefficient is equal to 1 by default and increases in the following cases:
In the calculation of NULS and Nerve, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 2;In the calculation of the deposit of virtual bank, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 4;In the calculation of consensus nodes of the non-virtual bank, the weight coefficient is multiplied by 3;For the time-fixed staking, weight coefficient varies from the time, as shown in the following table.
译文：权重系数默认为 weightCoefficient =1 . 以下情况可以获得权重系数的增加：
NULS 和 Nerve 在计算时，权重系数乘以 2；虚拟银行的保证金，在计算的时候权重系数乘以 2；非虚拟银行共识节点，在计算的时候权重系数乘以 1.5；定期 Staking，根据不同的时间，设置了不同的权重系数，如下表：
郝维：目前DeFi生态已经从ETH单一抵押品向多种类抵押品进化，多抵押品对DeFi生态长期发展意义重大。在WBTC成为DAI的抵押品之后，锁定在DeFi生态中的比特币已经突破了一万个，占比增长也很快。
无论是传统金融市场还是DeFi，资产的种类越丰富，肯定对它的生态、多元化业务展开有更大促进作用。
DeFi的很多问题和挑战，不排除出现小的“黑天鹅”事件。以Compound为代表，它的周活跃账户是7500个，数据不高，但在二级市场热情高涨。Compound的借贷即挖矿引起很大浪潮。
无论是传统金融还是可编程式金融，代码堆砌之后的漏洞总是难以避免，一定要思考到系统性风险，比如面临极端行情波动时，DeFi生态是否能承载？
那么请问Berzeck如何看待代码漏洞和系统性风险? So Berzeck, would you please tell us what do you think of the code vulnerabilities and systemic risks?
Berzeck： For all the DeFi projects, security is the most core element. Most of Defi is coded through smart contracts, the security and efficiency of applications running on smart contracts are not as good as programs that are hard-coded directly at the bottom. Thus, Nerve has adopted a different architecture design from Ethereum.
译文：对于DeFi项目，安全性是最为核心的要素。大部分以太坊DeFi是通过智能合约编写的，智能合约上运营的应用程序安全性和效率都比不上直接在底层硬编码的程序。Nerve对此采取了不同于以太坊的架构设计。
Berzeck： Nerve does not have a smart contract， and the asset exchange protocol is supported on the chain. This protocol is directly supported in the bottom layer of the Nerve network and is jointly maintained by professional virtual bank nodes and consensus nodes. The systemic security risk is much smaller than the Defi application developed by smart contracts.
译文： Nerve没有智能合约，链上支持资产交换协议。这个协议直接在Nerve网络的底层中支持，并且由专业虚拟银行节点和共识节点共同维护，系统性安全风险要比智能合约开发的DeFi应用小得多。
郝维：从目前来看，DeFi的活跃促使以太网作为Gas费的需求不断提升。同时，通过DeFi吸引到更多资产进入自己的生态圈，以太坊在整个加密资产生态中的系统重要性得以提升。
仅仅用了2020年两个季度的时间，DeFi的用户规模已经超过了去年全年一倍，即使如此从长周期来看，DeFi的生态仍处初期。
从交易风险控制来讲，短期的上涨势必会带来快速地回调。大家不要去目跟随热点，但一定要保持关注，抓住一个好的时机再去参与。
资产上链的复杂程度和不确定性，对于整个DeFi行业而言是非常大的挑战。请问Berzeck是怎么看待资产上链的? The complexity and uncertainty of asset chaining is a very big challenge for the entire DeFi industry. Berzeck, What do you think about assets on chain ?
Berzeck： Assets on chain are mainly divided into two types:
The first type is various virtual assets under the Internet system. and the other type is physical assets in real life: such as gold and oil, etc.
译文：资产上链主要分为两种类型。第一种是互联网体系下的各种虚拟资产；第二种是现实生活中的实物资产：例如黄金、石油等。
Berzeck： The main function of the blockchain at present is to gradually digitize various virtual assets, and to confirm the rights of the assets through the private key, so as to realize the circulation and value transfer of the assets.
译文：区块链目前主要作用就是逐渐将各种虚拟资产数字化，并且通过私钥来对资产进行确权，实现资产的流通和价值流转。
Berzeck： In the future, many physical assets will be marked or anchored through the third-party custody of the LoT equipments, so as to realize the digitization of physical assets. This will lead a huge revolution in the global economy and then bring a total new economy system.
译文：而未来，将会有很多实体资产通过物联网设备，三方的托管对实体资产进行标记或者锚定，从而实现实体资产的数字化，这将会引起全球经济的一次巨大变革，带来一个全新的经济体系。
郝维：截至7月6日，DeFi用户总数为24万，比过去一个月增长了20％以上，现在DeFi协议锁定的资本总值也超过了20亿美元。尽管用户激增，但五个项目仍占DeFi锁定资金的绝大部分（约94％）。前五大项目分别为COMP锁定资产6.734亿美元，Maker锁定资产6.034亿美元，Synthetix为3.33亿美元，Balancer为1.588亿美元，Aave为1.558亿美元。
目前，DeFi项目代币的总市值已接近77亿美元，而在一个多月前，这一数字还只有10亿美元，足以反映DeFi热度。DeFi项目之所以会迅速崛起，原因在于由区块链驱动的去中心化金融处于萌芽阶段，DeFi主张个人和机构无需经过受信任的中介机构，即可访问几乎所有的金融应用程序，特别是以前无法获得某种金融服务的人群将会因此受益，这对资本而言具有巨大的想象空间与吸引力。